Knowledge
Glossary
Business services and EU regulation terms, including Poland-specific ones, briefly defined.
- BPO
- Business process outsourcing: contracting operations such as customer service, back office or finance to an external provider.
- Centrum usług wspólnych (CUW)
- A captive shared service centre serving its own group. In Poland the SSC sector employs far more people than third-party BPO firms.
- Umowa o pracę a B2B
- Umowa o pracę is employment under the Labour Code with full ZUS and holiday; B2B is contracting between businesses. Polish candidates screen on the difference.
- KSeF
- The National e-Invoicing System, Poland's e-invoicing regime affecting every company invoicing in Poland.
- PPK
- Employee Capital Plans, a long-term savings scheme with a minimum 1.5 percent employer contribution unless the employee opts out.
- ZUS
- The Social Insurance Institution. Employer contributions are about 20.5 percent of gross salary in 2026.
- EOG
- The European Economic Area. Delivery inside it means no transfer mechanism outside the Union.
- RODO
- GDPR, the EU data protection regulation, in Poland supplemented by the implementing act and the President of the Data Protection Office.
- DORA
- The Digital Operational Resilience Act, covering financial entities and their ICT providers.
- NIS2
- The network and information security directive, extending cybersecurity duties across sectors and supply chains.
- AI Act
- The EU AI Act, placing obligations on providers and deployers of AI systems, including risk classification and human oversight.
- CEFR
- The Common European Framework of Reference, an A1 to C2 scale for language proficiency.
- RPO
- Recruitment process outsourcing: contracting candidate sourcing and selection to an external partner.
- RLHF
- Reinforcement learning from human feedback, an AI tuning method whose quality depends on reviewer judgement.
- Nearshoring
- Outsourcing to a nearby country in time and distance. Poland is a natural nearshore for DACH, the Nordics and the Benelux.
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